Directions: Please have integrity and correct your answers with a red pen. Make sure to mark any wrong answers as such, but then use your red pen to write in the correct answer.
1. In what year and what city, was the United Nations built?
The United Nations was built in 1945 in New York City.
2. How many nations signed the original UN charter in San Francisco?
Fifty nations signed the original UN chart in San Francisco.
3. Name five effects of Communism in Russia.
Rejection of God, isolation, poverty, scarcity, loss of freedom
4. With all the objections to communism, why did the Western world cooperate with Russia?
The allies believed that cooperation with Russia’s leader Joseph Stalin was essential to defeating Hitler.
5. What two things did Stalin verbally agree to establish in Eastern Europe, if the US and England gave in to his demands for control?
Joseph Stalin agreed to establish representative government and to permit free elections in Eastern Europe after the war but he did not keep his promise.
6. Why might Franklin Delano Roosevelt have defended Josef Stalin actions to Prime Minister Winston Churchill?
Stalin encouraged nationalist and socialist revolution in the African and Asian colonies and FDR and his advisers believed that democratic socialism was the solution to the problems of the lesser developed nations of the world.
7. In what year and what city did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet together?
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met together in 1945 at Yalta, a seaside resort on the Russian coast of the Black Sea.
8. What did Roosevelt appease Stalin with so that Russia would enter the war against Japan?
Roosevelt gave a very large chunk of Poland and allowed him to encourage a pro communist government in Poland, itself.
9. What Nationalist Chinese leader did Roosevelt betray in allowing Stalin to keep the province of Manchuria and Mongolia?
Roosevelt betrayed Chang Kai-shek who fought bravely communist terrorists and the Japanese.
10. Why is “People’s Republic” misleading?
“People’s Republic” is misleading, because communism is in dictatorial nature not Republican meaning it is controlled by one person, not by the people.
11. What new enemy were America and Western Europe facing at the end of World War II?
At the end of World War II America and Western Europe were facing the new enemy, international communism.
12. Name four freedoms that are denied by communism.
Four freedoms that are denied by communism are the freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to travel, especially outside the country.
13. Describe a “Cold War.”
A “Cold War” is a war find out what military weapons, but with words and diplomacy; where two nations are ends with each other but do not come into open combat.
14. Describe the Truman Doctrine’s policy of containment.
The Truman Doctrine declared that the US would provide economic aid to any free country to help resist Communist aggression. Through economic aid the US believed to contain communism, because it would have gained favor with its European allies and there would be no reason for the European nations to turn to communism, because their economies would have turned around.
15. Describe the George C. Marshall Plan.
The George C. Marshall plan, announced that the US would provide economic assistance to help European nations recover from World War II with the stipulation that each nation receiving aid must also be willing to do all within its own power to the economy.
16. In what year did the US put into effect the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan?
The US declared the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan in 1947.
17. Why did Russia not want Europe to recover economically?
Russia did not want Europe to recover economically because Communism thrives in misery and poverty.
18. What does NATO stand for, what year was it formed, and why?
NATO stands for is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and it was organized in 1949 to combat the communist threat to the free world.
19. Who was the Communist leader trying to overthrow the Chinese government in the 1920s, 30s, and 40s?
Mao Tse-tung was the Communist leader trying to overthrow the Chinese government 1920s, 30s, and 40s.
20. Who was the Chinese nationalist leader and Christian statesman who fought against the Communists but finally established a nationalist government on the island of Taiwan?
Chiang Kai-shek was that the Chinese Nationalist leader who fought against the Communists but eventually established a Nationalist government on the island of Taiwan.
21. What helped Mao Tse Tung’s Communists today featuring Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist in 1949?
Mao Tse Tung’s Communist forces were armed with confiscated Japanese artillery, and plenty of aid from the USSR, including American lend-lease supplies left over from World War II.
22. What did Chang Kai-shek Nationalist forces do after being defeated by Mao Tse Tung’s communist regime?
Chiang Kai-shek established a free Nationalist government on Taiwan and Mao Tse Tung established a communist regime called the People’s Republic of China on China’s mainland.
23. Both the Russians and the Chinese had aspirations to rule the world, agreeing that should be Communist.
However what they disagree on? Both the Russians and the Chinese agreed that the world should be communist, but each nation believe that they be in control.
24. What was the “Great Leap Forward” in China and what were it effects?
The “Great Leap Forward” was where people were forced to work in factories or on large, collective farms. Because of the “Great Leap Forward” productivity declined, machines broke down and agricultural, and general agricultural output decreased which led to massive decrease in food production. Millions of people starved to death.
25. Describe the “Cultural Revolution” in Communist China.
The purpose of the “Cultural Revolution” in communist China was to cleanse you of all western and foreign influences. The Red Guard mostly young people filled China street’s with demonstrations, marches, protests, and attacked Chinese intellectuals and professionals; murdering nearly 400,000 people in terrorizing millions more. Professionals were in prison or torture; others were forced to work menial jobs. Places of education and places representing culture were vandalized and destroyed. Whereas the rest of the world was moving up in the standard of living, Communist China was moving backwards.
26. How did Gen. Douglas MacArthur hope to solve Japan’s brutal problem, what he saw as the need for “spiritual regeneration?”
Gen. Douglas MacArthur hoped to solve Japan’s spiritual problem through encouraging Christian missionaries to come to Japan.
27. What kind of government did Gen. MacArthur encourage in Japan?
Gen. MacArthur, encourage him to develop a democratic government with a free enterprise economy.
28. Why did the US want Japan to prosper economically?
If Japan prospered economically than they would be a example to the other countries around Asia, hoping to hinder the spread of Communism in the region.
29. How did North Korea come to have a communist government?
After Japan’s defeat in 1945 train North and South Korea. However, the Soviet Union interfered with free elections and establish a communist government in North Korea
30. At what parallel are North and South Korea divided?
North and South Korea are divided at the 38th parallel.
31. Why were U.N. troops sent to South Korea?
U.N. troops, largely American forces, were sent South Korea to help them protect themselves against communist aggression.
32. What famous American Gen. and World War II hero led the UN forces in South Korea?
The UN forces were led by American Gen. Douglas MacArthur.
33. How did Gen. Carter want to secure victory over North Korea?
Gen. MacArthur wanted to bomb China’s military bases along the Yalu River, blockade Chinese ports, and incorporate Chiang Kai-shek Nationalist army.
34. Gen. MacArthur was quoted in speaking to Congress saying “history teaches with unmistakable emphasis that appeasement but begets new bloodier war.” Who in World War II was best known for appeasing Hitler and during what war would Gen. MacArthur’s prediction come true?
Gen. MacArthur may well have been speaking of Neville Chamberlain, who sought to appease Hitler. Instead of fighting MacArthur’s prediction about fighting a bloodier war came true when America went to war with Communism in the war in Vietnam.
35. Describe the word “stalemate” and how it relates to the end of the Korean War.
“Stalemate” refers to when nothing is gained by either side. This refers to the end of the Korean War, because the result was North Korea remain a communist government and South Korea remained a free government.
36. Who was the leader that replaced Joseph Stalin when he died in 1953 and what was his nickname?
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin was replaced by Nikita Khrushchev in 1953, the “hangman of Ukraine.”
37. Describe how Communism came to the Americas.
In 1959, Fidel Castro led a guerrilla war against Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. Though his revolution was encouraged by many including the United States, it later turned out that Castro was a Communist backed by Russia. The Cuban revolution was the first she communist revolution in the Americas. Bautista’s dictatorship was just replace with a communist dictatorship.
38. What did US Pres. Kennedy do in response to the Soviet establishing ballistic missile bases in Cuba and what was the name of the resulting conflict?
US Pres. Kennedy ordered a blockade of Cuba and demanded that the Soviet Union withdraw all missiles from Cuba in what has become to not be known as the Cuban missile crisis.
39. Explain why outright communism has not fully been established in South America and what the main communist tactic is.
Outright communism has not been fully established in South America, because the US and other countries have intervened and given eight to these South American nations, which has disrupted the communist tactic of stirring up violence and revolution in order to create chaos in which desperate people will turn to Communism for relief.
40. Define “satellites.”
A satellite nation is supposedly independent but technically under the dominance of another nation.
41. Stereotypically, how have the Soviets responded to rebellions in attempt to gain greater freedom?
Stereotypically Soviets have responded with violence towards rebellions that have attempted to gain greater freedom.
42. What was the space race and what was the result?
The space race was the competition between Russia and America on who would put the first man into outer space. On July 20, 1969 American Ashley Neil Armstrong was the first to walk on the moon.
43. How was the Apollo program a triumph for capitalism?
The Apollo program proved that science will prosper under political and economic system that is rooted in individual human freedom, with freedom man can accomplish much.
45. Afterworld were to Germany was split into two zones, who controlled West Germany and who East?
After the split of Germany into West and East Germany, the American and British and French controlled the West and the Russians controlled East.
46. Explain “Operation Airlift”.
Operation Airlift is where the Western powers provided food and supplies by flying them into Berlin over an entire year. However, eventually Russia abandoned their blockade.
47. What was built in 1961, to keep the Germans within their own country?.
In 1961, communism built the Berlin wall to keep East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin.
48. What move made by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer brought great postwar success to western Germany?
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer moved quickly to establish a free-market economy in West Germany. Soon our producing the entire nation of Germany under 1936′ national socialism.
49. What happened in France after the death of Pres. Charles de Gaulle?
After WWII and the death of Pres. Charles de Gaulle, France move towards a socialist state with its largest political party now being controlled by the Communists.
50. What was the state of Christianity in Great Britain after WWII?
After WWII to Christianity dramatically declined. A country that once sent missionaries all over the world became a mission field.
51. Which conservative Prime Minister, was the longest ruling leader of Great Britain in the 20th century?
Conservative Margaret Thatcher was elected in 1979 or remain as prime minister until 1990 making her the longest ruling leader in the 20th century.
52. What group of Islands off of the coast of Argentina did Great Britain go to war over when an Argentine dictator invaded, bringing British citizen under his rule?
The British went to war over the Falkland Islands when it was invaded by the Argentine dictator.
53. What was the name of the declaration in 1917 in which Great Britain expressed a desire to establish a home for the Jews in Palestine?
In the 1917 Balfour declaration expressed a desire to establish a home for the Jews in Palestine.
54. What was the first president of Israel in 1948?
David Ben Gurion was the first president of Israel became a nation in 1948.
55. What was the significance of the peace treaty signed between Egypt and Israel in 1979?
The significance of the peace treaty signed between Egypt and Israel in 1979 was the first time Arabs and Jews ever came together at a peace table.
56. Define Third World nations.
Third World nations are those that claim neutrality aligning themselves with neither freedom or Communism.
57. Explain passive resistance.
Passive resistance is where one protests or commit civil disobedience without force, often accompanied by labor strikes and hunger strikes.
58. Describe the division of India after the British left in 1947.
After the British left in 1947 India divided into Pakistan for the Muslims and India for Hindus. Pakistan was subdivided into East and West Pakistan and in 1971 East Pakistan declared independence from West Pakistan to form the nation of Bangladesh.
Student Written
59. What did President Reagan encourage to develop and what was it for?
President Reagan developed the Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI) and it was designed to destroy enemy missile warheads in flight and due to its potentiality, the Soviets were alarmed of the operations.
60. What did Communists adopt as a foreign policy and what does it mean?
Communists adopted a foreign policy known as glasnost which means openness.
61. Who wanted to continue the Cultural Revolution?
Mao’s widow wanted to continue the Cultural Revolution.
62. What is Detente?
Detente is a lessening of tension or hostility between nations.
63. Who wanted to form a Socialist Confederation, or Alliance, of all African nations?
Kwame Nkrumah was the one who wanted to form a socialist confederation, or alliance, of all African nations.
64. Who believed in stopping Communism before it enslaved a country?
It was the US President, Ronald Reagan.
65. In what year and what nation was the first black African nation achieved its independence?
In 1957, Ghana was the first black African nation that achieved its independence.
66. Who was the leader of Ghana and what did he want to form?
Ghana’s leader was Kwame Nkrumah and he wanted to form a socialist confederation, or alliance, of all African nations.
67. What gave the greatest blow to U.S? (Based on its war history)
The Vietnam conflict gave U.S its greatest blow. It was a fight between the U.S and the Communists in South East Asia.
68. Why did Fidel Castro plan to take over the island nation of Grenada in the West Indies?
Fidel Castro planned to take over the island nation of Grenada in the West Indies because he wanted to use it as a military base to invade the mainland of South America.
69. According to what theory that if Indochina fell to Communism, so would the remainder of Southeast Asia?
According to “Domino Theory” that Southeast Asia would fall if Indochina fell into the hands of Communism.
70. What impacted the U.S. in Reagan’s presidency?
During Reagan’s presidency, U.S. rose dominance over the Soviets in military strength, economy and nation pride. His influence also made the chain of events leading to the ultimate decline in the Soviet’s bravery in battle and the end of the Cold War.
71. Who was the Russian writer who exposed Communist cruelties to the world, and was exiled to the West?
The Russian writer who exposed Communist cruelties to the world and was exiled to the West was Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.
72. Who were the two men who led Indian masses to go on strike for India’s independence from Britain?
The two men who led Indian masses to go on strike for India’s independence from Britain were Mahatma Ghandi & Jawaharlal Nehru.
73. What did Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn warn the Americans?
He warned the Americans so that they would not to be fooled by the detente that would bring peace.
74. What are Proxy Wars? and give an example of a Proxy War
Proxy Wars are wars where opposing powers use other nations(third party) as representatives of themselves in between a war. An example of this is the Korean War, where the North Koreans were represented by the Communists whilst the South Koreans were represented by the Capitalists.
75. What incident escalated the Vietnam War?
The Gulf of Tonkin incident escalated the Vietnam War, where two US destroyers were “attacked” by North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin.
76. What is Reaganomics?
Reaganomics is a system coined by President Ronald Reagan that stressed the importance of Budget Balance and Free Market, where the government does not interfere.
77. Who is Mikhail Gorbachev?
He was the last head of state of USSR, where he was a key person in the events leading to the end of the Cold War in Europe.
78. What was changing in Eastern Europe after the Cold War?
The relationship between USSR and US were changed.
79. During the time when Reagan began his policies, what were rising?
Inflation and unemployment were rising during the time when Reagan began his policies.
80. What gave many Americans new hope for the future?
Reagan’s leadership ability to make decisions quickly and effectively in foreign policy and belief in traditional values gave many Americans new hope for the future.
81. ” It is necessary sometimes to take one step backward so we may take two steps forward.” This was a short statement quoted by?
This short statement was quoted by Gorbachev, a disciple of Marxism/ Leninism who hoped to rescue the U.S.S.R’s desperate situation.
82. Who was the Chinese leader that agreed to allow foreign investment in China?
The Chinese leader that agreed to allow foreign investment in China was Teng Hsiao-p’ing.
83. What happened at America’s longest economic growth?
That happened during America’s longest growth were:(1.) Traditional values (2.) less government regulations of private property and (3) a return to patriotism and military strength.
84. What ruled the North Vietnam and the South Vietnam?
North Vietnam was to be ruled by the Communist and South Vietnam was to be ruled by Nationalist forces.
85. What was the name of the defense system that President Reagan encouraged on developing and why did he encourage on developing it?
The defense system that President Reagan encouraged on developing was the Strategic defense Initiative (SDI). President Reagan encouraged the development of the defense system in order to fight against Communist threats (warheads) that may caused harm to American citizens.
86. In the period of detente. what was America focused on?
The US government concentrated on disarmament treaties with the communist, rather than maintaining powerful military defense.
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